flow.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from __future__ import division

__copyright__ = "Copyright (C) 2014 Andreas Kloeckner"

__license__ = """
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
"""

from django.shortcuts import (  # noqa
        render, get_object_or_404, redirect)
from django.contrib import messages
from django.core.exceptions import (
        PermissionDenied, SuspiciousOperation,
        ObjectDoesNotExist)
from django.db import transaction
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
from django import forms
from django import http

from courseflow.utils import StyledForm, local_now, as_local_time
from crispy_forms.layout import Submit

import re

from course.constants import (
        flow_permission,
        participation_role,
        flow_session_expriration_mode,
        FLOW_SESSION_EXPIRATION_MODE_CHOICES,
        is_expiration_mode_allowed)
from course.models import (
        FlowSession, FlowPageData, FlowPageVisit,
        FlowPageVisitGrade,
        FlowPageBulkFeedback,
        delete_other_bulk_feedback,
        get_feedback_for_grade,
        GradeChange)

from course.utils import (
        FlowContext, FlowPageContext,
        instantiate_flow_page_with_ctx,
        course_view, render_course_page)
from course.views import get_now_or_fake_time


# {{{ grade page visit

def grade_page_visit(visit, visit_grade_model=FlowPageVisitGrade,
        grade_data=None, graded_at_git_commit_sha=None):
    if not visit.is_graded_answer:
        raise RuntimeError("cannot grade ungraded answer")

    flow_session = visit.flow_session
    course = flow_session.course
    page_data = visit.page_data

    most_recent_grade = visit.get_most_recent_grade()
    if most_recent_grade is not None and grade_data is None:
        grade_data = most_recent_grade.grade_data

    from course.content import (
            get_course_repo,
            get_course_commit_sha,
            get_flow_desc,
            get_flow_page_desc,
            instantiate_flow_page)

    repo = get_course_repo(course)

    course_commit_sha = get_course_commit_sha(
            course, flow_session.participation)

    flow_desc = get_flow_desc(repo, course,
            flow_session.flow_id, course_commit_sha)

    page_desc = get_flow_page_desc(
            flow_session.flow_id,
            flow_desc,
            page_data.group_id, page_data.page_id)

    page = instantiate_flow_page(
            location="flow '%s', group, '%s', page '%s'"
            % (flow_session.flow_id, page_data.group_id, page_data.page_id),
            repo=repo, page_desc=page_desc,
            commit_sha=course_commit_sha)

    from course.page import PageContext
    grading_page_context = PageContext(
            course=course,
            repo=repo,
            commit_sha=course_commit_sha,
            flow_session=flow_session)

    answer_feedback = page.grade(
            grading_page_context, visit.page_data.data,
            visit.answer, grade_data=grade_data)

    grade = visit_grade_model()
    grade.visit = visit
    grade.grade_data = grade_data
    grade.max_points = page.max_points(visit.page_data)
    grade.graded_at_git_commit_sha = graded_at_git_commit_sha

    bulk_feedback_json = None
    if answer_feedback is not None:
        grade.correctness = answer_feedback.correctness
        grade.feedback, bulk_feedback_json = answer_feedback.as_json()

    grade.save()

    delete_other_bulk_feedback(page_data)
    if bulk_feedback_json is not None:
        FlowPageBulkFeedback(
                page_data=page_data,
                grade=grade,
                bulk_feedback=bulk_feedback_json
                ).save()

# }}}


# {{{ finish flow

def get_flow_session_graded_answers_qset(flow_session):
    from django.db.models import Q
    qset = (FlowPageVisit.objects
            .filter(flow_session=flow_session)
            .filter(Q(answer__isnull=False) | Q(is_synthetic=True)))

    if not flow_session.in_progress:
        # Ungraded answers *can* show up in non-in-progress flows as a result
        # of a race between a 'save' and the 'end session'. If this happens,
        # we'll go ahead and ignore those.
        qset = qset.filter(is_graded_answer=True)

    return qset


def get_prev_answer_visit(page_data):
    previous_answer_visits = (
            get_flow_session_graded_answers_qset(page_data.flow_session)
            .filter(page_data=page_data)
            .order_by("-visit_time"))

    for prev_visit in previous_answer_visits[:1]:
        return prev_visit

    return None


def assemble_answer_visits(flow_session):
    answer_visits = [None] * flow_session.page_count

    answer_page_visits = (
            get_flow_session_graded_answers_qset(flow_session)
            .order_by("visit_time"))

    for page_visit in answer_page_visits:
        answer_visits[page_visit.page_data.ordinal] = page_visit

        if not flow_session.in_progress:
            assert page_visit.is_graded_answer is True

    return answer_visits


def count_answered(fctx, flow_session, answer_visits):
    all_page_data = (FlowPageData.objects
            .filter(flow_session=flow_session)
            .order_by("ordinal"))

    answered_count = 0
    unanswered_count = 0
    for i, page_data in enumerate(all_page_data):
        assert i == page_data.ordinal

        if answer_visits[i] is not None:
            answer_data = answer_visits[i].answer
        else:
            answer_data = None

        page = instantiate_flow_page_with_ctx(fctx, page_data)
        if page.expects_answer():
            if answer_data is None:
                unanswered_count += 1
            else:
                answered_count += 1

    return (answered_count, unanswered_count)


class GradeInfo(object):
    """An object to hold a tally of points and page counts of various types in a flow.

    .. attribute:: points

        The final grade, in points. May be *None* if the grade is not yet
        final.
    """

    def __init__(self,
            points, provisional_points, max_points, max_reachable_points,
            fully_correct_count, partially_correct_count, incorrect_count,
            unknown_count):
        self.points = points
        self.provisional_points = provisional_points
        self.max_points = max_points
        self.max_reachable_points = max_reachable_points
        self.fully_correct_count = fully_correct_count
        self.partially_correct_count = partially_correct_count
        self.incorrect_count = incorrect_count
        self.unknown_count = unknown_count

    # Rounding to larger than 100% will break the percent bars on the
    # flow results page.
    FULL_PERCENT = 99.99

    def points_percent(self):
        """Only to be used for visualization purposes."""

        if self.max_points is None or self.max_points == 0:
            if self.points == 0:
                return 100
            else:
                return 0
        else:
            return self.FULL_PERCENT*self.provisional_points/self.max_points

    def missed_points_percent(self):
        """Only to be used for visualization purposes."""

        return (self.FULL_PERCENT
                - self.points_percent()
                - self.unreachable_points_percent())

    def unreachable_points_percent(self):
        """Only to be used for visualization purposes."""

        if (self.max_points is None
                or self.max_reachable_points is None
                or self.max_points == 0):
            return 0
        else:
            return self.FULL_PERCENT*(
                    self.max_points - self.max_reachable_points)/self.max_points

    def total_count(self):
        return (self.fully_correct_count
                + self.partially_correct_count
                + self.incorrect_count
                + self.unknown_count)

    def fully_correct_percent(self):
        """Only to be used for visualization purposes."""
        return self.FULL_PERCENT*self.fully_correct_count/self.total_count()

    def partially_correct_percent(self):
        """Only to be used for visualization purposes."""
        return self.FULL_PERCENT*self.partially_correct_count/self.total_count()

    def incorrect_percent(self):
        """Only to be used for visualization purposes."""
        return self.FULL_PERCENT*self.incorrect_count/self.total_count()

    def unknown_percent(self):
        """Only to be used for visualization purposes."""
        return self.FULL_PERCENT*self.unknown_count/self.total_count()


def gather_grade_info(flow_session, answer_visits):
    """
    :returns: a :class:`GradeInfo`
    """

    all_page_data = (FlowPageData.objects
            .filter(flow_session=flow_session)
            .order_by("ordinal"))

    points = 0
    provisional_points = 0
    max_points = 0
    max_reachable_points = 0
    fully_correct_count = 0
    partially_correct_count = 0
    incorrect_count = 0
    unknown_count = 0

    for i, page_data in enumerate(all_page_data):
        assert i == page_data.ordinal

        if answer_visits[i] is None:
            # page did not expect an answer
            continue

        grade = answer_visits[i].get_most_recent_grade()
        assert grade is not None

        feedback = get_feedback_for_grade(grade)

        max_points += grade.max_points

        if feedback is None or feedback.correctness is None:
            unknown_count += 1
            points = None
            continue

        max_reachable_points += grade.max_points

        page_points = grade.max_points*feedback.correctness

        if points is not None:
            points += page_points

        provisional_points += page_points

        if grade.max_points > 0:
            if feedback.correctness == 1:
                fully_correct_count += 1
            elif feedback.correctness == 0:
                incorrect_count += 1
            else:
                partially_correct_count += 1

    return GradeInfo(
            points=points,
            provisional_points=provisional_points,
            max_points=max_points,
            max_reachable_points=max_reachable_points,

            fully_correct_count=fully_correct_count,
            partially_correct_count=partially_correct_count,
            incorrect_count=incorrect_count,
            unknown_count=unknown_count)


@transaction.atomic
def grade_page_visits(fctx, flow_session, answer_visits, force_regrade=False):
    for i in range(len(answer_visits)):
        answer_visit = answer_visits[i]

        if answer_visit is not None:
            answer_visit.is_graded_answer = True
            answer_visit.save()

        else:
            page_data = flow_session.page_data.get(ordinal=i)
            page = instantiate_flow_page_with_ctx(fctx, page_data)

            if not page.expects_answer():
                continue

            # Create a synthetic visit to attach a grade
            answer_visit = FlowPageVisit()
            answer_visit.flow_session = flow_session
            answer_visit.page_data = page_data
            answer_visit.is_synthetic = True
            answer_visit.answer = None
            answer_visit.is_graded_answer = True
            answer_visit.save()

            answer_visits[i] = answer_visit

        if (answer_visit is not None
                and (not answer_visit.grades.count() or force_regrade)):
            print "Grading", answer_visit
            grade_page_visit(answer_visit,
                    graded_at_git_commit_sha=fctx.course_commit_sha)


@transaction.atomic
def finish_flow_session(fctx, flow_session, current_access_rule,
        force_regrade=False, now_datetime=None):
    if not flow_session.in_progress:
        raise RuntimeError("Can't end a session that's already ended")

    answer_visits = assemble_answer_visits(flow_session)

    (answered_count, unanswered_count) = count_answered(
            fctx, flow_session, answer_visits)

    is_graded_flow = bool(answered_count + unanswered_count)

    if is_graded_flow:
        grade_page_visits(fctx, flow_session, answer_visits,
                force_regrade=force_regrade)

    # ORDERING RESTRICTION: Must grade pages before gathering grade info

    if now_datetime is None:
        from django.utils.timezone import now
        now_datetime = now()

    flow_session.completion_time = now_datetime

    flow_session.in_progress = False
    flow_session.save()

    return grade_flow_session(fctx, flow_session, current_access_rule,
            answer_visits)


@transaction.atomic
def expire_flow_session(fctx, flow_session, current_access_rule, now_datetime):
    if not flow_session.in_progress:
        raise RuntimeError("Can't expire a session that's not in progress")
    if flow_session.participation is None:
        raise RuntimeError("Can't expire an anonymous flow session")

    if flow_session.expiration_mode == flow_session_expriration_mode.roll_over:
        from course.utils import get_current_flow_access_rule
        new_rules = get_current_flow_access_rule(flow_session.course,
                flow_session.participation, flow_session.participation.role,
                flow_session.flow_id, fctx.flow_desc, now_datetime,
                rule_id=None, use_exceptions=True)

        flow_session.access_rules_id = new_rules.id
        if not is_expiration_mode_allowed(
                flow_session.expiration_mode, new_rules.permissions):
            flow_session.expiration_mode = flow_session_expriration_mode.end
        flow_session.save()

    elif flow_session.expiration_mode == flow_session_expriration_mode.end:
        return finish_flow_session(fctx, flow_session, current_access_rule,
                now_datetime=now_datetime)
    else:
        raise ValueError("invalid expiration mode '%s' on flow session ID %d"
                % (flow_session.expiration_mode, flow_session.id))


def grade_flow_session(fctx, flow_session, current_access_rule,
        answer_visits=None):
    """Updates the grade on an existing flow session and logs a
    grade change with the grade records subsystem.
    """

    if answer_visits is None:
        answer_visits = assemble_answer_visits(flow_session)

    (answered_count, unanswered_count) = count_answered(
            fctx, flow_session, answer_visits)

    is_graded_flow = bool(answered_count + unanswered_count)

    is_graded_flow = bool(answered_count + unanswered_count)
    grade_info = gather_grade_info(flow_session, answer_visits)
    assert grade_info is not None

    comment = None
    points = grade_info.points

    if points is not None and current_access_rule.credit_percent is not None:
        comment = "Counted at %.1f%% of %.1f points" % (
                current_access_rule.credit_percent, points)
        points = points * current_access_rule.credit_percent / 100

    flow_session.points = points
    flow_session.max_points = grade_info.max_points

    flow_session.append_comment(comment)
    flow_session.save()

    # Need to save grade record even if no grade is available yet, because
    # a grade record may *already* be saved, and that one might be mistaken
    # for the current one.
    if (is_graded_flow
            and flow_session.participation is not None
            and flow_session.for_credit):
        from course.models import get_flow_grading_opportunity
        gopp = get_flow_grading_opportunity(
                flow_session.course, flow_session.flow_id, fctx.flow_desc)

        from course.models import grade_state_change_types
        gchange = GradeChange()
        gchange.opportunity = gopp
        gchange.participation = flow_session.participation
        gchange.state = grade_state_change_types.graded
        gchange.attempt_id = "flow-session-%d" % flow_session.id
        gchange.points = points
        gchange.max_points = grade_info.max_points
        # creator left as NULL
        gchange.flow_session = flow_session
        gchange.comment = comment

        previous_grade_changes = list(GradeChange.objects
                .filter(
                    opportunity=gchange.opportunity,
                    participation=gchange.participation,
                    state=gchange.state,
                    attempt_id=gchange.attempt_id,
                    flow_session=gchange.flow_session)
                .order_by("-grade_time")
                [:1])

        # only save if modified or no previous grades
        do_save = True
        if previous_grade_changes:
            previous_grade_change, = previous_grade_changes
            if (previous_grade_change.points == gchange.points
                    and previous_grade_change.max_points == gchange.max_points
                    and previous_grade_change.comment == gchange.comment):
                do_save = False
        else:
            # no previous grade changes
            if points is None:
                do_save = False

        if do_save:
            gchange.save()

    return grade_info


def reopen_session(session, force=False, suppress_log=False):
    if session.in_progress:
        raise RuntimeError("Can't reopen a session that's already in progress")
    if session.participation is None:
        raise RuntimeError("Can't reopen anonymous sessions")

    if not force:
        other_in_progress_sessions = (FlowSession.objects
                .filter(
                    participation=session.participation,
                    flow_id=session.flow_id,
                    in_progress=True,
                    participation__isnull=False)
                .exclude(id=session.id))

        if other_in_progress_sessions.count():
            raise RuntimeError("Can't open multiple sessions at once")

    session.in_progress = True
    session.points = None
    session.max_points = None

    if not suppress_log:
        session.append_comment(
                "Session reopened at %s, previous completion time was '%s'."
                % (local_now(), as_local_time(session.completion_time)))

    session.completion_time = None
    session.save()


def finish_flow_session_standalone(repo, course, session, force_regrade=False,
        now_datetime=None, past_end_only=False):
    assert session.participation is not None

    from course.utils import FlowContext

    if now_datetime is None:
        from django.utils.timezone import now
        now_datetime = now()

    fctx = FlowContext(repo, course, session.flow_id, flow_session=session)

    current_access_rule = fctx.get_current_access_rule(
            session, session.participation.role, session.participation,
            now_datetime, obey_sticky=True)

    if (past_end_only
            and current_access_rule.end is not None
            and now_datetime < current_access_rule.end):
        return False

    finish_flow_session(fctx, session, current_access_rule,
            force_regrade=force_regrade, now_datetime=now_datetime)

    return True


def expire_flow_session_standalone(repo, course, session, now_datetime,
        past_end_only=False):
    assert session.participation is not None

    from course.utils import FlowContext

    fctx = FlowContext(repo, course, session.flow_id, flow_session=session)

    current_access_rule = fctx.get_current_access_rule(
            session, session.participation.role, session.participation,
            now_datetime)

    if (past_end_only
            and current_access_rule.end is not None
            and now_datetime < current_access_rule.end):
        return False

    expire_flow_session(fctx, session, current_access_rule, now_datetime)

    return True


@transaction.atomic
def regrade_session(repo, course, session):
    if session.in_progress:
        fctx = FlowContext(repo, course, session.flow_id, flow_session=session)

        answer_visits = assemble_answer_visits(session)

        for i in range(len(answer_visits)):
            answer_visit = answer_visits[i]

            if answer_visit is not None and answer_visit.get_most_recent_grade():
                # Only make a new grade if there already is one.
                grade_page_visit(answer_visit,
                        graded_at_git_commit_sha=fctx.course_commit_sha)
    else:
        prev_completion_time = session.completion_time

        session.append_comment("Session regraded at %s." % local_now())
        session.save()

        reopen_session(session, force=True, suppress_log=True)
        finish_flow_session_standalone(
                repo, course, session, force_regrade=True,
                now_datetime=prev_completion_time)


@transaction.atomic
def recalculate_session_grade(repo, course, session):
    """Only redoes the final grade determination without regrading
    individual pages.
    """

    assert not session.in_progress

    prev_completion_time = session.completion_time

    session.append_comment("Session grade recomputed at %s." % local_now())
    session.save()

    reopen_session(session, force=True, suppress_log=True)
    finish_flow_session_standalone(
            repo, course, session, force_regrade=False,
            now_datetime=prev_completion_time)

# }}}


# {{{ view: start flow

RESUME_RE = re.compile("^resume_([0-9]+)$")


@transaction.atomic
@course_view
def start_flow(pctx, flow_identifier):
    request = pctx.request

    now_datetime = get_now_or_fake_time(request)
    fctx = FlowContext(pctx.repo, pctx.course, flow_identifier,
            participation=pctx.participation)

    current_access_rule = fctx.get_current_access_rule(
            None, pctx.role, pctx.participation, now_datetime)

    may_view = flow_permission.view in current_access_rule.permissions

    have_in_progress_session = (FlowSession.objects
            .filter(
                participation=pctx.participation,
                flow_id=fctx.flow_identifier,
                in_progress=True,
                participation__isnull=False,
                )).count() > 0
    past_sessions = (FlowSession.objects
            .filter(
                participation=pctx.participation,
                flow_id=fctx.flow_identifier,
                participation__isnull=False)
           .order_by("start_time"))
    past_session_count = past_sessions.count()

    if current_access_rule.allowed_session_count is not None:
        allowed_another_session = (
                past_session_count < current_access_rule.allowed_session_count)
    else:
        allowed_another_session = True

    if request.method == "POST":
        from course.content import set_up_flow_session_page_data

        resume_match = None
        for post_key in request.POST:
            resume_match = RESUME_RE.match(post_key)
            if resume_match is not None:
                break

        if resume_match is not None:
            resume_session_id = int(resume_match.group(1))

            resume_session = get_object_or_404(FlowSession, pk=resume_session_id)

            if resume_session.participation != pctx.participation:
                raise PermissionDenied("not your session")

            if not may_view:
                raise PermissionDenied("may not resume session without "
                        "'view' permission")

            if resume_session.participation is None:
                raise PermissionDenied("can't resume anonymous session")

            if resume_session.flow_id != fctx.flow_identifier:
                raise SuspiciousOperation("flow id mismatch on resume")

            if not (flow_permission.view_past in current_access_rule.permissions
                    or resume_session.in_progress):
                raise PermissionDenied("not allowed to resume session")

            return redirect("course.flow.view_flow_page",
                    pctx.course.identifier,
                    resume_session_id,
                    0)

        elif ("start_no_credit" in request.POST
                or "start_credit" in request.POST):

            if not may_view:
                raise PermissionDenied("may not start session without "
                        "'view' permission")

            if not allowed_another_session:
                raise PermissionDenied("new session would exceed "
                        "allowed session count limit exceed")

            if have_in_progress_session:
                raise PermissionDenied("cannot start flow when other flow "
                        "session is already in progress")

            session = FlowSession()
            session.course = fctx.course
            session.participation = pctx.participation
            session.active_git_commit_sha = pctx.course_commit_sha.decode()
            session.flow_id = flow_identifier
            session.in_progress = True

            if (flow_permission.set_roll_over_expiration_mode
                    in current_access_rule.permissions):
                session.expiration_mode = flow_session_expriration_mode.roll_over
            else:
                session.expiration_mode = flow_session_expriration_mode.end

            session.for_credit = "start_credit" in request.POST

            if current_access_rule.sticky is not None and current_access_rule.sticky:
                session.access_rules_id = current_access_rule.id

            session.save()

            if session.for_credit:
                # Create flow grading opportunity. This makes the flow
                # show up in the grade book.

                from course.models import get_flow_grading_opportunity
                get_flow_grading_opportunity(
                        pctx.course, flow_identifier, fctx.flow_desc)

            page_count = set_up_flow_session_page_data(fctx.repo, session,
                    pctx.course.identifier, fctx.flow_desc, pctx.course_commit_sha)
            session.page_count = page_count
            session.save()

            return redirect("course.flow.view_flow_page",
                    pctx.course.identifier, session.id, 0)

        else:
            raise SuspiciousOperation("unrecognized POST action")

    else:
        may_start_credit = (
                may_view
                and not have_in_progress_session
                and allowed_another_session
                and flow_permission.start_credit in current_access_rule.permissions)
        may_start_no_credit = (
                may_view
                and not have_in_progress_session
                and allowed_another_session
                and (flow_permission.start_no_credit
                    in current_access_rule.permissions))
        may_review = (
                may_view
                and flow_permission.view_past in current_access_rule.permissions)

        if hasattr(fctx.flow_desc, "grade_aggregation_strategy"):
            from course.models import GRADE_AGGREGATION_STRATEGY_CHOICES
            grade_aggregation_strategy_text = (
                    dict(GRADE_AGGREGATION_STRATEGY_CHOICES)
                    [fctx.flow_desc.grade_aggregation_strategy])
        else:
            grade_aggregation_strategy_text = None

        # {{{ fish out relevant rules

        from course.utils import (
                get_flow_access_rules,
                get_relevant_rules)
        rules = get_flow_access_rules(fctx.course, pctx.participation,
                flow_identifier, fctx.flow_desc)

        # }}}

        return render_course_page(pctx, "course/flow-start.html", {
            "flow_desc": fctx.flow_desc,
            "grade_aggregation_strategy":
            grade_aggregation_strategy_text,
            "flow_identifier": flow_identifier,

            "rules": get_relevant_rules(rules, pctx.role, now_datetime),
            "now": now_datetime,

            "may_start_credit": may_start_credit,
            "may_start_no_credit": may_start_no_credit,
            "may_review": may_review,

            "past_sessions": past_sessions,
            },
            allow_instant_flow_requests=False)

# }}}


# {{{ view: flow page

def get_and_check_flow_session(pctx, flow_session_id):
    try:
        flow_session = FlowSession.objects.get(id=flow_session_id)
    except ObjectDoesNotExist:
        raise http.Http404()

    if pctx.role in [
            participation_role.instructor,
            participation_role.teaching_assistant]:
        pass
    elif pctx.role == participation_role.student:
        if pctx.participation != flow_session.participation:
            raise PermissionDenied("may not view other people's sessions")
    else:
        raise PermissionDenied()

    if flow_session.course.pk != pctx.course.pk:
        raise SuspiciousOperation()

    return flow_session


def will_receive_feedback(permissions):
    return (
            flow_permission.see_correctness in permissions
            or flow_permission.see_answer in permissions)


def add_buttons_to_form(form, fpctx, flow_session, permissions):
    from crispy_forms.layout import Submit
    form.helper.add_input(
            Submit("save", "Save answer",
                css_class="col-lg-offset-2 cf-save-button"))

    if will_receive_feedback(permissions):
        if flow_permission.change_answer in permissions:
            form.helper.add_input(
                    Submit(
                        "submit", "Submit answer for grading",
                        accesskey="g", css_class="cf-save-button"))
        else:
            form.helper.add_input(
                    Submit("submit", "Submit final answer",
                        css_class="cf-save-button"))
    else:
        # Only offer 'save and move on' if student will receive no feedback
        if fpctx.page_data.ordinal + 1 < flow_session.page_count:
            form.helper.add_input(
                    Submit("save_and_next",
                        mark_safe("Save answer and move on &raquo;"),
                        css_class="cf-save-button"))
        else:
            form.helper.add_input(
                    Submit("save_and_finish",
                        mark_safe("Save answer and finish &raquo;"),
                        css_class="cf-save-button"))

    return form


def get_pressed_button(form):
    buttons = ["save", "save_and_next", "save_and_finish", "submit"]
    for button in buttons:
        if button in form.data:
            return button

    raise SuspiciousOperation("could not find which button was pressed")


def create_flow_page_visit(request, flow_session, page_data):
    FlowPageVisit(
        flow_session=flow_session,
        page_data=page_data,
        remote_address=request.META['REMOTE_ADDR'],
        is_graded_answer=None).save()


@course_view
def view_flow_page(pctx, flow_session_id, ordinal):
    request = pctx.request

    flow_session_id = int(flow_session_id)
    flow_session = get_and_check_flow_session(
            pctx, flow_session_id)
    flow_identifier = flow_session.flow_id

    if flow_session is None:
        messages.add_message(request, messages.WARNING,
                "No in-progress session record found for this flow. "
                "Redirected to flow start page.")

        return redirect("course.flow.start_flow",
                pctx.course.identifier,
                flow_identifier)

    fpctx = FlowPageContext(pctx.repo, pctx.course, flow_identifier, ordinal,
            participation=pctx.participation,
            flow_session=flow_session)

    if fpctx.page_desc is None:
        messages.add_message(request, messages.ERROR,
                "Your session does not match the course content and needs "
                "to be reset. Course staff have been notified about this issue. "
                "Please get in touch with them to get help.")

        from django.template.loader import render_to_string
        message = render_to_string("course/session-mismatch.txt", {
            "page_data": fpctx.page_data,
            "course": pctx.course,
            "user": pctx.request.user,
            })

        from django.core.mail import send_mail
        from django.conf import settings
        send_mail("[%s] session mismatch with course content"
                % pctx.course.identifier,
                message,
                settings.ROBOT_EMAIL_FROM,
                recipient_list=[pctx.course.email])

        return redirect("course.flow.start_flow",
                pctx.course.identifier,
                flow_identifier)

    current_access_rule = fpctx.get_current_access_rule(
            flow_session, pctx.role, pctx.participation,
            get_now_or_fake_time(request))
    permissions = fpctx.page.get_modified_permissions_for_page(
            current_access_rule.permissions)

    page_context = fpctx.page_context
    page_data = fpctx.page_data
    answer_data = None
    grade_data = None

    if flow_permission.view not in permissions:
        raise PermissionDenied("not allowed to view flow")

    if request.method == "POST":
        if "finish" in request.POST:
            return redirect("course.flow.finish_flow_session_view",
                    pctx.course.identifier, flow_session_id)
        else:
            # reject answer update if flow is not in-progress
            if not flow_session.in_progress:
                raise PermissionDenied("session is not in progress")

            # reject if previous answer was final
            if (fpctx.prev_answer_visit is not None
                    and fpctx.prev_answer_visit.is_graded_answer
                    and flow_permission.change_answer
                        not in permissions):
                raise PermissionDenied("already have final answer")

            form = fpctx.page.post_form(
                    fpctx.page_context, fpctx.page_data.data,
                    post_data=request.POST, files_data=request.FILES)