flow.py

                now_datetime=now_datetime, respect_preview=False)
    else:
        raise ValueError(
                _("invalid expiration mode '%(mode)s' on flow session ID "
                "%(session_id)d") % {
                    'mode': flow_session.expiration_mode,
                    'session_id': flow_session.id})


def grade_flow_session(
        fctx,  # type: FlowContext
        flow_session,  # type: FlowSession
        grading_rule,  # type: FlowSessionGradingRule
        answer_visits=None,  # type: Optional[List[Optional[FlowPageVisit]]]
        ):
    # type: (...) -> GradeInfo

    """Updates the grade on an existing flow session and logs a
    grade change with the grade records subsystem.
    """

    if answer_visits is None:
        answer_visits = assemble_answer_visits(flow_session)

    grade_info = gather_grade_info(fctx, flow_session, grading_rule, answer_visits)
    assert grade_info is not None

    comment = None
    points = grade_info.points

    if (points is not None
            and grading_rule.credit_percent is not None
            and grading_rule.credit_percent != 100):
        comment = (
                # Translators: grade flow: calculating grade.
                _("Counted at %(percent).1f%% of %(point).1f points") % {
                    'percent': grading_rule.credit_percent,
                    'point': points})
        points = points * grading_rule.credit_percent / 100

    flow_session.points = points
    flow_session.max_points = grade_info.max_points

    flow_session.append_comment(comment)
    flow_session.save()

    # Need to save grade record even if no grade is available yet, because
    # a grade record may *already* be saved, and that one might be mistaken
    # for the current one.
    if (grading_rule.grade_identifier
            and grading_rule.generates_grade
            and flow_session.participation is not None):
        from course.models import get_flow_grading_opportunity
        gopp = get_flow_grading_opportunity(
                flow_session.course, flow_session.flow_id, fctx.flow_desc,
                grading_rule.grade_identifier,
                grading_rule.grade_aggregation_strategy)

        from course.models import grade_state_change_types
        gchange = GradeChange()
        gchange.opportunity = gopp
        gchange.participation = flow_session.participation
        gchange.state = grade_state_change_types.graded
        gchange.attempt_id = "flow-session-%d" % flow_session.id
        gchange.points = points
        gchange.max_points = grade_info.max_points
        # creator left as NULL
        gchange.flow_session = flow_session
        gchange.comment = comment

        previous_grade_changes = list(GradeChange.objects
                .filter(
                    opportunity=gchange.opportunity,
                    participation=gchange.participation,
                    state=gchange.state,
                    attempt_id=gchange.attempt_id,
                    flow_session=gchange.flow_session)
                .order_by("-grade_time")
                [:1])

        # only save if modified or no previous grades
        do_save = True
        if previous_grade_changes:
            previous_grade_change, = previous_grade_changes
            if (previous_grade_change.points == gchange.points
                    and previous_grade_change.max_points == gchange.max_points
                    and previous_grade_change.comment == gchange.comment):
                do_save = False
        else:
            # no previous grade changes
            if points is None:
                do_save = False

        if do_save:
            gchange.save()

    return grade_info


def reopen_session(
        session, force=False, suppress_log=False):
    # type: (FlowSession, bool, bool) -> None

    if session.in_progress:
        raise RuntimeError(
                _("Cannot reopen a session that's already in progress"))
    if session.participation is None:
        raise RuntimeError(
                _("Cannot reopen anonymous sessions"))

    session.in_progress = True
    session.points = None
    session.max_points = None

    if not suppress_log:
        session.append_comment(
                _("Session reopened at %(now)s, previous completion time "
                "was '%(complete_time)s'.") % {
                    'now': format_datetime_local(local_now()),
                    'complete_time': format_datetime_local(
                        as_local_time(session.completion_time))
                    })

    session.completion_time = None
    session.save()


def finish_flow_session_standalone(
        repo,  # type: Repo_ish
        course,  # type: Course
        session,  # type: FlowSession
        force_regrade=False,  # type: bool
        now_datetime=None,  # type: Optional[datetime.datetime]
        past_due_only=False,  # type: bool
        respect_preview=True,  # type:bool
        ):
    # type: (...) -> bool

    # Do not be tempted to call adjust_flow_session_page_data in here.
    # This function may be called from within a transaction.

    assert session.participation is not None

    if now_datetime is None:
        from django.utils.timezone import now
        now_datetime_filled = now()
    else:
        now_datetime_filled = now_datetime

    fctx = FlowContext(repo, course, session.flow_id)

    grading_rule = get_session_grading_rule(session, fctx.flow_desc,
            now_datetime_filled)

    if grading_rule.due is not None:
        if (
                past_due_only
                and now_datetime_filled < grading_rule.due):
            return False

    finish_flow_session(fctx, session, grading_rule,
            force_regrade=force_regrade,
            now_datetime=now_datetime_filled,
            respect_preview=respect_preview)

    return True


def expire_flow_session_standalone(
        repo,  # type: Any
        course,  # type: Course
        session,  # type: FlowSession
        now_datetime,  # type: datetime.datetime
        past_due_only=False,  # type: bool
        ):
    # type: (...) -> bool
    assert session.participation is not None

    fctx = FlowContext(repo, course, session.flow_id)

    grading_rule = get_session_grading_rule(session, fctx.flow_desc, now_datetime)

    return expire_flow_session(fctx, session, grading_rule, now_datetime,
            past_due_only=past_due_only)


def regrade_session(
        repo,  # type: Repo_ish
        course,  # type: Course
        session,  # type: FlowSession
        ):
    # type: (...) -> None
    adjust_flow_session_page_data(repo, session, course.identifier,
            respect_preview=False)

    if session.in_progress:
        with transaction.atomic():
            answer_visits = assemble_answer_visits(session)  # type: List[Optional[FlowPageVisit]]  # noqa

            for i in range(len(answer_visits)):
                answer_visit = answer_visits[i]

                if answer_visit is not None:
                    if answer_visit.get_most_recent_grade():
                        # Only make a new grade if there already is one.
                        grade_page_visit(answer_visit, respect_preview=False)
    else:
        prev_completion_time = session.completion_time

        with transaction.atomic():
            session.append_comment(
                    _("Session regraded at %(time)s.") % {
                        'time': format_datetime_local(local_now())
                        })
            session.save()

            reopen_session(session, force=True, suppress_log=True)
            finish_flow_session_standalone(
                    repo, course, session, force_regrade=True,
                    now_datetime=prev_completion_time,
                    respect_preview=False)


def recalculate_session_grade(repo, course, session):
    # type: (Repo_ish, Course, FlowSession) -> None

    """Only redoes the final grade determination without regrading
    individual pages.
    """

    if session.in_progress:
        raise RuntimeError(_("cannot recalculate grade on in-progress session"))

    prev_completion_time = session.completion_time

    adjust_flow_session_page_data(repo, session, course.identifier,
            respect_preview=False)

    with transaction.atomic():
        session.append_comment(
                _("Session grade recomputed at %(time)s.") % {
                    'time': format_datetime_local(local_now())
                    })
        session.save()

        reopen_session(session, force=True, suppress_log=True)
        finish_flow_session_standalone(
                repo, course, session, force_regrade=False,
                now_datetime=prev_completion_time,
                respect_preview=False)

# }}}


def lock_down_if_needed(
        request,  # type: http.HttpRequest
        permissions,  # type: frozenset[Text]
        flow_session,  # type: FlowSession
        ):
    # type: (...) -> None

    if flow_permission.lock_down_as_exam_session in permissions:
        request.session[
                "relate_session_locked_to_exam_flow_session_pk"] = \
                        flow_session.pk


# {{{ view: start flow

@course_view
def view_start_flow(pctx, flow_id):
    # type: (CoursePageContext, Text) -> http.HttpResponse
    request = pctx.request

    login_exam_ticket = get_login_exam_ticket(pctx.request)
    now_datetime = get_now_or_fake_time(request)
    fctx = FlowContext(pctx.repo, pctx.course, flow_id,
            participation=pctx.participation)

    if request.method == "POST":
        return post_start_flow(pctx, fctx, flow_id)
    else:
        session_start_rule = get_session_start_rule(
                pctx.course, pctx.participation,
                flow_id, fctx.flow_desc, now_datetime,
                facilities=pctx.request.relate_facilities,
                login_exam_ticket=login_exam_ticket)

        if session_start_rule.may_list_existing_sessions:
            past_sessions = (FlowSession.objects
                    .filter(
                        participation=pctx.participation,
                        flow_id=fctx.flow_id,
                        participation__isnull=False)
                   .order_by("start_time"))

            from collections import namedtuple
            SessionProperties = namedtuple("SessionProperties",  # noqa
                    ["may_view", "may_modify", "due", "grade_description",
                        "grade_shown"])

            past_sessions_and_properties = []
            for session in past_sessions:
                access_rule = get_session_access_rule(
                        session, fctx.flow_desc, now_datetime,
                        facilities=pctx.request.relate_facilities,
                        login_exam_ticket=login_exam_ticket)
                grading_rule = get_session_grading_rule(
                        session, fctx.flow_desc, now_datetime)

                session_properties = SessionProperties(
                        may_view=flow_permission.view in access_rule.permissions,
                        may_modify=(
                            flow_permission.submit_answer in access_rule.permissions
                            or
                            flow_permission.end_session in access_rule.permissions
                            ),
                        due=grading_rule.due,
                        grade_description=grading_rule.description,
                        grade_shown=(
                            flow_permission.cannot_see_flow_result
                            not in access_rule.permissions))
                past_sessions_and_properties.append((session, session_properties))
        else:
            past_sessions_and_properties = []

        may_start = session_start_rule.may_start_new_session

        potential_session = FlowSession(
            course=pctx.course,
            participation=pctx.participation,
            flow_id=flow_id,
            in_progress=True,

            # default_expiration_mode ignored
            expiration_mode=flow_session_expiration_mode.end,

            access_rules_tag=session_start_rule.tag_session)

        new_session_grading_rule = get_session_grading_rule(
                potential_session, fctx.flow_desc, now_datetime)

        start_may_decrease_grade = (
                bool(past_sessions_and_properties)
                and
                new_session_grading_rule.grade_aggregation_strategy not in
                [
                    None,
                    grade_aggregation_strategy.max_grade,
                    grade_aggregation_strategy.use_earliest])

        return render_course_page(pctx, "course/flow-start.html", {
            "flow_desc": fctx.flow_desc,
            "flow_identifier": flow_id,

            "now": now_datetime,
            "may_start": may_start,
            "new_session_grading_rule": new_session_grading_rule,
            "grade_aggregation_strategy_descr": (
                dict(GRADE_AGGREGATION_STRATEGY_CHOICES).get(
                    new_session_grading_rule.grade_aggregation_strategy)),
            "start_may_decrease_grade": start_may_decrease_grade,

            "past_sessions_and_properties": past_sessions_and_properties,
            },
            allow_instant_flow_requests=False)


@retry_transaction_decorator(serializable=True)
def post_start_flow(pctx, fctx, flow_id):
    # type: (CoursePageContext, FlowContext, Text) -> http.HttpResponse

    now_datetime = get_now_or_fake_time(pctx.request)
    login_exam_ticket = get_login_exam_ticket(pctx.request)

    past_sessions = (FlowSession.objects
            .filter(
                participation=pctx.participation,
                flow_id=fctx.flow_id,
                participation__isnull=False)
           .order_by("start_time"))

    if past_sessions:
        latest_session = past_sessions.reverse()[0]

        cooldown_seconds = getattr(
            settings, "RELATE_SESSION_RESTART_COOLDOWN_SECONDS", 10)

        from datetime import timedelta
        if (
                timedelta(seconds=0)
                <= (now_datetime - latest_session.start_time)
                < timedelta(seconds=cooldown_seconds)):
            return redirect("relate-view_flow_page",
                pctx.course.identifier, latest_session.id, 0)

    session_start_rule = get_session_start_rule(
            pctx.course, pctx.participation,
            flow_id, fctx.flow_desc, now_datetime,
            facilities=pctx.request.relate_facilities,
            login_exam_ticket=login_exam_ticket)

    if not session_start_rule.may_start_new_session:
        raise PermissionDenied(_("new session not allowed"))

    flow_user = pctx.request.user
    if not flow_user.is_authenticated:
        flow_user = None

    session = start_flow(
            pctx.repo, pctx.course, pctx.participation,
            user=flow_user,
            flow_id=flow_id, flow_desc=fctx.flow_desc,
            session_start_rule=session_start_rule,
            now_datetime=now_datetime)

    access_rule = get_session_access_rule(
            session, fctx.flow_desc, now_datetime,
            facilities=pctx.request.relate_facilities,
            login_exam_ticket=login_exam_ticket)

    lock_down_if_needed(pctx.request, access_rule.permissions, session)

    return redirect("relate-view_flow_page",
            pctx.course.identifier, session.id, 0)

# }}}


# {{{ view: resume flow

# The purpose of this interstitial redirection page is to set the exam
# lockdown flag upon resumption/review. Without this, the exam lockdown
# middleware will refuse access to flow pages in a locked-down facility.

@course_view
def view_resume_flow(pctx, flow_session_id):
    # type: (CoursePageContext, int) -> http.HttpResponse

    now_datetime = get_now_or_fake_time(pctx.request)

    flow_session = get_and_check_flow_session(pctx, int(flow_session_id))

    fctx = FlowContext(pctx.repo, pctx.course, flow_session.flow_id,
            participation=pctx.participation)

    login_exam_ticket = get_login_exam_ticket(pctx.request)

    access_rule = get_session_access_rule(
            flow_session, fctx.flow_desc, now_datetime,
            facilities=pctx.request.relate_facilities,
            login_exam_ticket=login_exam_ticket)

    lock_down_if_needed(pctx.request, access_rule.permissions,
            flow_session)

    return redirect("relate-view_flow_page",
            pctx.course.identifier, flow_session.id, 0)


# }}}


# {{{ view: flow page

def get_and_check_flow_session(pctx, flow_session_id):
    # type: (CoursePageContext, int) -> FlowSession

    try:
        flow_session = (FlowSession.objects
                .select_related("participation")
                .get(id=flow_session_id))
    except ObjectDoesNotExist:
        raise http.Http404()

    if flow_session.course.pk != pctx.course.pk:
        raise http.Http404()

    my_session = (
            pctx.participation == flow_session.participation
            or
            (
                # anonymous by participation
                flow_session.participation is None
                and (
                    # We don't know whose (legacy)
                    # Truly anonymous sessions belong to everyone.
                    flow_session.user is None
                    or pctx.request.user == flow_session.user)))

    if not my_session:
        my_perms = pctx.permissions()

        from course.enrollment import get_participation_role_identifiers
        owner_roles = get_participation_role_identifiers(
                pctx.course, flow_session.participation)

        allowed = False
        for orole in owner_roles:
            for perm, arg in my_perms:
                if (
                        perm == pperm.view_flow_sessions_from_role
                        and arg == orole):
                    allowed = True
                    break

            if allowed:
                break

        if not allowed:
            raise PermissionDenied(_("may not view other people's sessions"))

    return flow_session


def will_receive_feedback(permissions):
    # type: (frozenset[Text]) -> bool

    return (
            flow_permission.see_correctness in permissions
            or flow_permission.see_answer_after_submission in permissions)


def may_send_email_about_flow_page(permissions):
    # type: (frozenset[Text]) -> bool

    return flow_permission.send_email_about_flow_page in permissions


def get_page_behavior(
        page,  # type: PageBase
        permissions,  # type: frozenset[Text]
        session_in_progress,  # type: bool
        answer_was_graded,  # type: bool
        generates_grade,  # type: bool
        is_unenrolled_session,  # type: bool
        viewing_prior_version=False,  # type: bool
        ):
    # type: (...) -> PageBehavior
    show_correctness = False

    if page.expects_answer() and answer_was_graded:
        show_correctness = flow_permission.see_correctness in permissions

        show_answer = flow_permission.see_answer_after_submission in permissions

    elif page.expects_answer() and not answer_was_graded:
        # Don't show answer yet
        show_answer = (
                flow_permission.see_answer_before_submission in permissions)
    else:
        show_answer = (
                flow_permission.see_answer_before_submission in permissions
                or
                flow_permission.see_answer_after_submission in permissions)

    may_change_answer = (
            not viewing_prior_version

            and (not answer_was_graded
                or (flow_permission.change_answer in permissions))

            # can happen if no answer was ever saved
            and session_in_progress

            and (flow_permission.submit_answer in permissions)

            and (generates_grade and not is_unenrolled_session
                or (not generates_grade))
            )

    from course.page.base import PageBehavior  # noqa
    return PageBehavior(
            show_correctness=show_correctness,
            show_answer=show_answer,
            may_change_answer=may_change_answer,
            )


def add_buttons_to_form(form, fpctx, flow_session, permissions):
    # type: (StyledForm, FlowPageContext, FlowSession, frozenset[Text]) -> StyledForm

    from crispy_forms.layout import Submit
    show_save_button = getattr(form, "show_save_button", True)
    if show_save_button:
        form.helper.add_input(
                Submit("save", _("Save answer"),
                    css_class="relate-save-button"))

    if will_receive_feedback(permissions):
        if flow_permission.change_answer in permissions:
            form.helper.add_input(
                    Submit(
                        "submit", _("Submit answer for feedback"),
                        accesskey="g",
                        css_class="relate-save-button relate-submit-button"))
        else:
            form.helper.add_input(
                    Submit("submit", _("Submit final answer"),
                        css_class="relate-save-button relate-submit-button"))
    else:
        # Only offer 'save and move on' if student will receive no feedback
        if fpctx.page_data.ordinal + 1 < flow_session.page_count:
            form.helper.add_input(
                    Submit("save_and_next",
                        mark_safe_lazy(
                            string_concat(
                                _("Save answer and move on"),
                                " &raquo;")),
                        css_class="relate-save-button"))
        else:
            form.helper.add_input(
                    Submit("save_and_finish",
                        mark_safe_lazy(
                            string_concat(
                                _("Save answer and finish"),
                                " &raquo;")),
                        css_class="relate-save-button"))

    return form


def create_flow_page_visit(request, flow_session, page_data):
    # type: (http.HttpRequest, FlowSession, FlowPageData) -> None

    if request.user.is_authenticated:
        # The access to 'is_authenticated' ought to wake up SimpleLazyObject.
        user = request.user
    else:
        user = None

    visit = FlowPageVisit(
        flow_session=flow_session,
        page_data=page_data,
        remote_address=request.META['REMOTE_ADDR'],
        user=user,
        is_submitted_answer=None)

    if hasattr(request, "relate_impersonate_original_user"):
        visit.impersonated_by = request.relate_impersonate_original_user

    visit.save()


@course_view
def view_flow_page(pctx, flow_session_id, ordinal):
    # type: (CoursePageContext, int, int) -> http.HttpResponse

    request = pctx.request
    login_exam_ticket = get_login_exam_ticket(request)

    ordinal = int(ordinal)

    flow_session_id = int(flow_session_id)
    flow_session = get_and_check_flow_session(pctx, flow_session_id)
    flow_id = flow_session.flow_id

    if flow_session is None:
        messages.add_message(request, messages.WARNING,
                _("No in-progress session record found for this flow. "
                "Redirected to flow start page."))

        return redirect("relate-view_start_flow",
                pctx.course.identifier,
                flow_id)

    adjust_flow_session_page_data(pctx.repo, flow_session, pctx.course.identifier,
            respect_preview=True)

    try:
        fpctx = FlowPageContext(pctx.repo, pctx.course, flow_id, ordinal,
                participation=pctx.participation,
                flow_session=flow_session,
                request=pctx.request)
    except PageOrdinalOutOfRange:
        return redirect("relate-view_flow_page",
                pctx.course.identifier,
                flow_session.id,
                flow_session.page_count-1)

    if fpctx.page is None:
        raise http.Http404()

    assert fpctx.page_context is not None
    assert fpctx.page_data is not None

    now_datetime = get_now_or_fake_time(request)
    access_rule = get_session_access_rule(
            flow_session, fpctx.flow_desc, now_datetime,
            facilities=pctx.request.relate_facilities,
            login_exam_ticket=login_exam_ticket)

    grading_rule = get_session_grading_rule(
            flow_session, fpctx.flow_desc, now_datetime)
    generates_grade = (
            grading_rule.grade_identifier is not None
            and
            grading_rule.generates_grade)
    del grading_rule

    permissions = fpctx.page.get_modified_permissions_for_page(
            access_rule.permissions)

    if access_rule.message:
        messages.add_message(request, messages.INFO, access_rule.message)

    lock_down_if_needed(pctx.request, permissions, flow_session)

    page_context = fpctx.page_context
    page_data = fpctx.page_data
    answer_data = None
    grade_data = None

    if flow_permission.view not in permissions:
        raise PermissionDenied(_("not allowed to view flow"))

    answer_visit = None
    prev_visit_id = None

    if request.method == "POST":
        if "finish" in request.POST:
            return redirect("relate-finish_flow_session_view",
                    pctx.course.identifier, flow_session_id)
        else:
            post_result = post_flow_page(
                    flow_session, fpctx, request, permissions, generates_grade)

            if not isinstance(post_result, tuple):
                # ought to be an HTTP response
                return post_result

            (
                page_behavior,
                prev_answer_visits,
                form,
                feedback,
                answer_data,
                answer_was_graded) = post_result

            # continue at common flow page generation below

    else:
        create_flow_page_visit(request, flow_session, fpctx.page_data)

        prev_answer_visits = list(
                get_prev_answer_visits_qset(fpctx.page_data))

        # {{{ fish out previous answer_visit

        prev_visit_id = pctx.request.GET.get("visit_id")
        if prev_visit_id is not None:
            try:
                prev_visit_id = int(prev_visit_id)
            except ValueError:
                raise SuspiciousOperation("non-integer passed for 'visit_id'")

        viewing_prior_version = False
        if prev_answer_visits and prev_visit_id is not None:
            answer_visit = prev_answer_visits[0]

            for ivisit, pvisit in enumerate(prev_answer_visits):
                if pvisit.id == prev_visit_id:
                    answer_visit = pvisit
                    if ivisit > 0:
                        viewing_prior_version = True

                    break

            if viewing_prior_version:
                from django.template import defaultfilters
                from relate.utils import as_local_time
                messages.add_message(request, messages.INFO,
                    _("Viewing prior submission dated %(date)s.")
                    % {
                        "date": defaultfilters.date(
                            as_local_time(pvisit.visit_time),
                            "DATETIME_FORMAT"),
                        })

            prev_visit_id = answer_visit.id

        elif prev_answer_visits:
            answer_visit = prev_answer_visits[0]
            prev_visit_id = answer_visit.id

        else:
            answer_visit = None

        # }}}

        if answer_visit is not None:
            answer_was_graded = answer_visit.is_submitted_answer
        else:
            answer_was_graded = False

        page_behavior = get_page_behavior(
                page=fpctx.page,
                permissions=permissions,
                session_in_progress=flow_session.in_progress,
                answer_was_graded=answer_was_graded,
                generates_grade=generates_grade,
                is_unenrolled_session=flow_session.participation is None,
                viewing_prior_version=viewing_prior_version)

        if fpctx.page.expects_answer():
            if answer_visit is not None:
                answer_data = answer_visit.answer

                most_recent_grade = answer_visit.get_most_recent_grade()
                if most_recent_grade is not None:
                    feedback = get_feedback_for_grade(most_recent_grade)
                    grade_data = most_recent_grade.grade_data
                else:
                    feedback = None
                    grade_data = None

            else:
                feedback = None

            try:
                form = fpctx.page.make_form(
                        page_context, page_data.data,
                        answer_data, page_behavior)
            except InvalidPageData as e:
                messages.add_message(request, messages.ERROR,
                        ugettext(
                            "The page data stored in the database was found "
                            "to be invalid for the page as given in the "
                            "course content. Likely the course content was "
                            "changed in an incompatible way (say, by adding "
                            "an option to a choice question) without changing "
                            "the question ID. The precise error encountered "
                            "was the following: "+str(e)))

                return render_course_page(pctx, "course/course-base.html", {})

        else:
            form = None
            feedback = None

    # start common flow page generation

    # defined at this point:
    # form, page_behavior, answer_was_graded, feedback
    # answer_data, grade_data

    if form is not None and page_behavior.may_change_answer:
        form = add_buttons_to_form(form, fpctx, flow_session,
                permissions)

    shown_feedback = None
    if (fpctx.page.expects_answer() and answer_was_graded
            and (
                page_behavior.show_correctness
                or page_behavior.show_answer)):
        shown_feedback = feedback

    title = fpctx.page.title(page_context, page_data.data)
    body = fpctx.page.body(page_context, page_data.data)

    if page_behavior.show_answer:
        correct_answer = fpctx.page.correct_answer(
                page_context, page_data.data,
                answer_data, grade_data)
    else:
        correct_answer = None

    if (generates_grade
            and flow_session.participation is None
            and flow_permission.submit_answer in permissions):
        messages.add_message(request, messages.INFO,
                _("Changes to this session are being prevented "
                    "because this session yields a permanent grade, but "
                    "you have not completed your enrollment process in "
                    "this course."))

    # {{{ render flow page

    if form is not None:
        form_html = fpctx.page.form_to_html(
                pctx.request, page_context, form, answer_data)
    else:
        form_html = None

    expiration_mode_choices = []

    for key, descr in FLOW_SESSION_EXPIRATION_MODE_CHOICES:
        if is_expiration_mode_allowed(key, permissions):
            expiration_mode_choices.append((key, descr))

    session_minutes = None
    time_factor = 1
    if flow_permission.see_session_time in permissions:
        session_minutes = (
                now_datetime - flow_session.start_time).total_seconds() / 60
        if flow_session.participation is not None:
            time_factor = flow_session.participation.time_factor

    all_page_data = get_all_page_data(flow_session)

    from django.db import connection
    with connection.cursor() as c:
        c.execute(
                "SELECT DISTINCT course_flowpagedata.ordinal "
                "FROM course_flowpagevisit "
                "INNER JOIN course_flowpagedata "
                "ON course_flowpagedata.id = course_flowpagevisit.page_data_id "
                "WHERE course_flowpagedata.flow_session_id = %s "
                "AND course_flowpagevisit.answer IS NOT NULL "
                "ORDER BY course_flowpagedata.ordinal",
                [flow_session.id])

        flow_page_ordinals_with_answers = set(row[0] for row in c.fetchall())

    args = {
        "flow_identifier": fpctx.flow_id,
        "flow_desc": fpctx.flow_desc,
        "ordinal": fpctx.ordinal,
        "page_data": fpctx.page_data,
        "percentage": int(100*(fpctx.ordinal+1) / flow_session.page_count),
        "flow_session": flow_session,
        "all_page_data": all_page_data,
        "flow_page_ordinals_with_answers": flow_page_ordinals_with_answers,

        "title": title, "body": body,
        "form": form,
        "form_html": form_html,

        "feedback": shown_feedback,
        "correct_answer": correct_answer,

        "show_correctness": page_behavior.show_correctness,
        "may_change_answer": page_behavior.may_change_answer,
        "may_change_graded_answer": (
            page_behavior.may_change_answer
            and
            (flow_permission.change_answer in permissions)),
        "will_receive_feedback": will_receive_feedback(permissions),
        "show_answer": page_behavior.show_answer,
        "may_send_email_about_flow_page":
            may_send_email_about_flow_page(permissions),

        "session_minutes": session_minutes,
        "time_factor": time_factor,

        "expiration_mode_choices": expiration_mode_choices,
        "expiration_mode_choice_count": len(expiration_mode_choices),
        "expiration_mode": flow_session.expiration_mode,

        "flow_session_interaction_kind": flow_session_interaction_kind,
        "interaction_kind": get_interaction_kind(
            fpctx, flow_session, generates_grade, all_page_data),

        "prev_answer_visits": prev_answer_visits,
        "prev_visit_id": prev_visit_id,
    }

    if fpctx.page.expects_answer() and fpctx.page.is_answer_gradable():
        args["max_points"] = fpctx.page.max_points(fpctx.page_data)
        args["page_expect_answer_and_gradable"] = True

    return render_course_page(
            pctx, "course/flow-page.html", args,
            allow_instant_flow_requests=False)

    # }}}


def get_pressed_button(form):
    # type: (StyledForm) -> Text

    buttons = ["save", "save_and_next", "save_and_finish", "submit"]
    for button in buttons:
        if button in form.data:
            return button

    raise SuspiciousOperation(_("could not find which button was pressed"))


@retry_transaction_decorator()
def post_flow_page(
        flow_session,  # type: FlowSession
        fpctx,  # type: FlowPageContext
        request,  # type: http.HttpRequest
        permissions,  # type: frozenset[Text]
        generates_grade,  # type: bool
        ):
    # type: (...) -> Tuple[PageBehavior, List[FlowPageVisit], forms.Form, Optional[AnswerFeedback], Any, bool]  # noqa
    page_context = fpctx.page_context
    page_data = fpctx.page_data

    assert page_context is not None

    prev_answer_visits = list(
            get_prev_answer_visits_qset(fpctx.page_data))

    submission_allowed = True

    assert fpctx.page is not None