diff --git a/src/cpp/cuda.cpp b/src/cpp/cuda.cpp
index 4bceb78fb07c50ba21866b40cad97ca4df322458..00c7072c71a5a67e57cc9be53347559640ad7d68 100644
--- a/src/cpp/cuda.cpp
+++ b/src/cpp/cuda.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+#define NO_IMPORT_ARRAY
+#define PY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL pycuda_ARRAY_API
+
 #include "cuda.hpp"
 
 boost::thread_specific_ptr<pycuda::context_stack> pycuda::context_stack_ptr;
diff --git a/src/wrapper/_pvt_struct_v2.cpp b/src/wrapper/_pvt_struct_v2.cpp
index dac348468efe85bc7fb4e3edca4c861a5db7beee..aab88150ecb627754f123bdfe9558e22f17ac472 100644
--- a/src/wrapper/_pvt_struct_v2.cpp
+++ b/src/wrapper/_pvt_struct_v2.cpp
@@ -7,13 +7,15 @@
  * for packing complex values and only supports native packing.
  * (the minimum that's needed for PyOpenCL/PyCUDA.) */
 
+#define PY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL pycuda_pvt_struct_v2_ARRAY_API
+
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
 
 #include "Python.h"
+#include <numpy/arrayobject.h>
 #include "structseq.h"
 #include "structmember.h"
 #include <ctype.h>
-#include "numpy_init.hpp"
 
 // static PyTypeObject PyStructType;
 
@@ -1570,6 +1572,8 @@ The variable struct.error is an exception raised on errors.\n");
 PyMODINIT_FUNC
 init_pvt_struct(void)
 {
+	import_array();
+
 	PyObject *ver, *m;
 
 	ver = PyString_FromString("0.2");
diff --git a/src/wrapper/_pvt_struct_v3.cpp b/src/wrapper/_pvt_struct_v3.cpp
index 316062f1e72f118ee69b1af766d5345f397a78b9..15f7b18e132ef60f4b7a3ba5d3c79d7ed22d51c8 100644
--- a/src/wrapper/_pvt_struct_v3.cpp
+++ b/src/wrapper/_pvt_struct_v3.cpp
@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@
 /* New version supporting byte order, alignment and size options,
    character strings, and unsigned numbers */
 
+#define PY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL pycuda_pvt_struct_v2_ARRAY_API
+
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
 
 #include "Python.h"
+#include <numpy/arrayobject.h>
 #include "structmember.h"
 #include <ctype.h>
-#include "numpy_init.hpp"
 
 namespace {
 extern PyTypeObject PyStructType;
@@ -1720,6 +1722,8 @@ extern "C"
 PyMODINIT_FUNC
 PyInit__pvt_struct(void)
 {
+    import_array();
+
     PyObject *m;
 
     m = PyModule_Create(&_structmodule);
diff --git a/src/wrapper/mempool.cpp b/src/wrapper/mempool.cpp
index 7734a6a2a14ed1822010c5d9d6b517cd9e964cf0..918d3d0d5ca9e166ef04937c9963fd512d1e5bfa 100644
--- a/src/wrapper/mempool.cpp
+++ b/src/wrapper/mempool.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+#define NO_IMPORT_ARRAY
+#define PY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL pycuda_ARRAY_API
+
 #include <vector>
 #include "tools.hpp"
 #include "wrap_helpers.hpp"
diff --git a/src/wrapper/numpy_init.hpp b/src/wrapper/numpy_init.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index a07198593bc63e03e0377e080af7dc1b2adeaba0..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/src/wrapper/numpy_init.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef _FAYHVVAAA_PYCUDA_HEADER_SEEN_NUMPY_INIT_HPP
-
-
-
-
-#include <numpy/arrayobject.h>
-#include <stdexcept>
-
-
-
-
-namespace
-{
-  static struct pyublas_array_importer
-  {
-    static bool do_import_array()
-    {
-      import_array1(false);
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    pyublas_array_importer()
-    {
-      if (!do_import_array())
-        throw std::runtime_error("numpy failed to initialize");
-    }
-  } _array_importer;
-}
-
-
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/wrapper/tools.hpp b/src/wrapper/tools.hpp
index f0fd57180a6b06e74c97a314a9bb98d56b8c47c8..98a7d8c3714d4069a3db8c5449937869654fa45d 100644
--- a/src/wrapper/tools.hpp
+++ b/src/wrapper/tools.hpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <cuda.hpp>
 #include <boost/python.hpp>
 #include <numeric>
-#include "numpy_init.hpp"
+#include <numpy/arrayobject.h>
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/wrapper/wrap_cudadrv.cpp b/src/wrapper/wrap_cudadrv.cpp
index f50f12b4316213de8f4ad9503dd96433306a2050..dfa3d1cda929f86a186fb6788bd0e438128a0f6f 100644
--- a/src/wrapper/wrap_cudadrv.cpp
+++ b/src/wrapper/wrap_cudadrv.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#define PY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL pycuda_ARRAY_API
+
 #include <cuda.hpp>
 
 #include <utility>
@@ -656,8 +658,18 @@ void pycuda_expose_curand();
 
 
 
+static bool import_numpy_helper()
+{
+  import_array1(false);
+  return true;
+}
+
+
 BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(_driver)
 {
+  if (!import_numpy_helper())
+    throw py::error_already_set();
+
   py::def("get_version", cuda_version);
 #if CUDAPP_CUDA_VERSION >= 2020
   py::def("get_driver_version", pycuda::get_driver_version);