diff --git a/boxtree/fmm.py b/boxtree/fmm.py
index c80a6f25ee843c8b6703ab4c79f15fe24f9b03a0..97c86a7e158f53f6a6b0906c02e65d37dc0429c3 100644
--- a/boxtree/fmm.py
+++ b/boxtree/fmm.py
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def drive_fmm(traversal, expansion_wrangler, src_weights):
 
     logger.debug("propagate multipoles upward")
 
-    for lev in xrange(tree.nlevels-1, -1, -1):
+    for lev in range(tree.nlevels-1, -1, -1):
         start_parent_box, end_parent_box = \
                 traversal.level_start_source_parent_box_nrs[lev:lev+2]
         wrangler.coarsen_multipoles(
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def drive_fmm(traversal, expansion_wrangler, src_weights):
 
     logger.debug("propagate local_exps downward")
 
-    for lev in xrange(1, tree.nlevels):
+    for lev in range(1, tree.nlevels):
         start_box, end_box = \
                 traversal.level_start_target_or_target_parent_box_nrs[lev:lev+2]
         wrangler.refine_locals(
diff --git a/boxtree/traversal.py b/boxtree/traversal.py
index e71e2c2a93f09baeef84831239993c63fdf11c34..c09e5d38ca86ec5366ac9e5b63d7ea0c40243b77 100644
--- a/boxtree/traversal.py
+++ b/boxtree/traversal.py
@@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@ class FMMTraversalBuilder:
 
             # Postprocess result for unoccupied levels
             prev_start = len(box_list)
-            for ilev in xrange(tree.nlevels-1, -1, -1):
+            for ilev in range(tree.nlevels-1, -1, -1):
                 result[ilev] = prev_start = \
                         min(result[ilev], prev_start)
 
diff --git a/boxtree/tree_build.py b/boxtree/tree_build.py
index 4237502e0403596e069f0abd0f387335121291b2..a0522a03007676804be0e1371fd2474793168d17 100644
--- a/boxtree/tree_build.py
+++ b/boxtree/tree_build.py
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from six.moves import range
+from six.moves import zip
 
 __copyright__ = "Copyright (C) 2012 Andreas Kloeckner"
 
@@ -764,7 +767,7 @@ class TreeBuilder(object):
 
         else:
             sources = make_obj_array([
-                empty(nsources, coord_dtype) for i in xrange(dimensions)])
+                empty(nsources, coord_dtype) for i in range(dimensions)])
             fin_debug("srcntgt permuter (sources)")
             evt = knl_info.srcntgt_permuter(
                     user_source_ids,
@@ -774,7 +777,7 @@ class TreeBuilder(object):
             wait_for = [evt]
 
             targets = make_obj_array([
-                empty(ntargets, coord_dtype) for i in xrange(dimensions)])
+                empty(ntargets, coord_dtype) for i in range(dimensions)])
             fin_debug("srcntgt permuter (targets)")
             evt = knl_info.srcntgt_permuter(
                     srcntgt_target_ids,
diff --git a/boxtree/tree_build_kernels.py b/boxtree/tree_build_kernels.py
index 614bcd1e6462e5685330f6aed41a94eb64081383..610de4003de027c686a677e50063e140056e5f8a 100644
--- a/boxtree/tree_build_kernels.py
+++ b/boxtree/tree_build_kernels.py
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+import six
+from six.moves import range
 
 __copyright__ = "Copyright (C) 2013 Andreas Kloeckner"
 
@@ -1357,7 +1360,7 @@ def get_tree_build_kernel_info(context, dimensions, coord_dtype,
             ("box_flags_t", box_flags_enum.dtype),
             ("box_level_t", box_level_dtype),
             )
-    codegen_args_tuples = tuple(codegen_args.iteritems())
+    codegen_args_tuples = tuple(six.iteritems(codegen_args))
     box_info_kernel = BOX_INFO_KERNEL_TPL.build(
             context,
             type_aliases,
diff --git a/boxtree/visualization.py b/boxtree/visualization.py
index 907e34bfc8846beaebc7982bb7d3ddd43ab702be..ef946a9381421e9f627cfc1e1f7ac8ceedabc1c6 100644
--- a/boxtree/visualization.py
+++ b/boxtree/visualization.py
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from six.moves import range
+from six.moves import zip
 
 __copyright__ = "Copyright (C) 2012 Andreas Kloeckner"
 
@@ -40,7 +43,7 @@ class TreePlotter:
         kwargs["fill"] = fill
         kwargs["edgecolor"] = edgecolor
 
-        for ibox in xrange(self.tree.nboxes):
+        for ibox in range(self.tree.nboxes):
             self.draw_box(ibox, **kwargs)
 
     def set_bounding_box(self):
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ class TreePlotter:
 
         tree = self.tree
 
-        for ibox in xrange(tree.nboxes):
+        for ibox in range(tree.nboxes):
             x, y = tree.box_centers[:, ibox]
             lev = int(tree.box_levels[ibox])
             pt.text(x, y, str(ibox), fontsize=20*1.15**(-lev),
diff --git a/doc/conf.py b/doc/conf.py
index 454c42ebb8a076ace3189a9d537ae107637c004a..0b35d0b83f79c1c912e60dee6634d774b2b7ba81 100644
--- a/doc/conf.py
+++ b/doc/conf.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # boxtree documentation build configuration file.
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ copyright = u'2013, Andreas Kloeckner'
 #
 # The short X.Y version.
 ver_dic = {}
-execfile("../boxtree/version.py", ver_dic)
+exec(compile(open("../boxtree/version.py").read(), "../boxtree/version.py", 'exec'), ver_dic)
 version = ".".join(str(x) for x in ver_dic["VERSION"])
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
 release = ver_dic["VERSION_TEXT"]
diff --git a/examples/demo.py b/examples/demo.py
index 9a1c53f05b8032243775f31f2c9db0c3d853c1d0..2fc45fe5601722359b52017a111931f3ca557ac6 100644
--- a/examples/demo.py
+++ b/examples/demo.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
 # STARTEXAMPLE
 import pyopencl as cl
 import numpy as np
+from six.moves import range
 
 ctx = cl.create_some_context()
 queue = cl.CommandQueue(ctx)
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 066f292405447bff5da0954bf6c15009025185d1..3d2c1f07620bb7e05bab79aebdf2c7f8c38055a9 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -5,12 +5,6 @@
 def main():
     from setuptools import setup
 
-    try:
-        from distutils.command.build_py import build_py_2to3 as build_py
-    except ImportError:
-        # 2.x
-        from distutils.command.build_py import build_py
-
     version_dict = {}
     init_filename = "boxtree/version.py"
     exec(compile(open(init_filename, "r").read(), init_filename, "exec"),
@@ -52,10 +46,7 @@ def main():
               "Mako>=0.7.3",
               "pytest>=2.3",
               "cgen>=2013.1.2",
-              ],
-
-          # 2to3 invocation
-          cmdclass={'build_py': build_py})
+              ])
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/test/test_fmm.py b/test/test_fmm.py
index 7aca7ea246aa92a6bb051eb09e68d8c3de1530b0..9f6188ab17dcd0340a6056c6c813a99c3189bca5 100644
--- a/test/test_fmm.py
+++ b/test/test_fmm.py
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import print_function
+from six.moves import range
 
 __copyright__ = "Copyright (C) 2013 Andreas Kloeckner"
 
@@ -349,7 +352,7 @@ def test_fmm_completeness(ctx_getter, dims, nsources_req, ntargets_req,
         logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.WARNING)
 
         pb = ProgressBar("matrix", nsources)
-        for i in xrange(nsources):
+        for i in range(nsources):
             unit_vec = np.zeros(nsources, dtype=dtype)
             unit_vec[i] = 1
             mat[:, i] = drive_fmm(host_trav, wrangler, unit_vec)
@@ -384,8 +387,8 @@ def test_fmm_completeness(ctx_getter, dims, nsources_req, ntargets_req,
             tgt_boxes = [
                     host_tree.find_box_nr_for_target(i)
                     for i in tree_order_missing_tgts]
-            print src_boxes
-            print tgt_boxes
+            print(src_boxes)
+            print(tgt_boxes)
 
             pt.plot(
                     host_tree.targets[0][tree_order_missing_tgts],
@@ -423,7 +426,7 @@ def test_fmm_completeness(ctx_getter, dims, nsources_req, ntargets_req,
                 filt_targets[0][bad],
                 filt_targets[1][bad],
                 ]
-        print bad_targets[0].shape
+        print(bad_targets[0].shape)
         pt.plot(filt_targets[0], filt_targets[1], "x")
         pt.plot(bad_targets[0], bad_targets[1], "v")
         pt.show()
diff --git a/test/test_traversal.py b/test/test_traversal.py
index b609845dbfc70efa0ac7824048b890b73a70ef5c..d9613dc56c8538640c58e7aabf3e91b3ca53e1d3 100644
--- a/test/test_traversal.py
+++ b/test/test_traversal.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from six.moves import range
 
 __copyright__ = "Copyright (C) 2013 Andreas Kloeckner"
 
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ def test_tree_connectivity(ctx_getter, dims, sources_are_targets):
 
     # {{{ parent and child relations, levels match up
 
-    for ibox in xrange(1, tree.nboxes):
+    for ibox in range(1, tree.nboxes):
         # /!\ Not testing box 0, has no parents
         parent = parents[ibox]
 
@@ -159,7 +161,7 @@ def test_tree_connectivity(ctx_getter, dims, sources_are_targets):
         assert (trav.target_or_target_parent_boxes == np.arange(
                 tree.nboxes, dtype=tree.box_id_dtype)).all()
 
-        for ibox in xrange(tree.nboxes):
+        for ibox in range(tree.nboxes):
             start, end = trav.sep_bigger_starts[ibox:ibox+2]
 
             for jbox in trav.sep_bigger_lists[start:end]:
diff --git a/test/test_tree.py b/test/test_tree.py
index 83768e9bbf7d41f4a778346cd083151a957e21a1..c44482f270ef9acb96ba3933a89a16b71cbac1f9 100644
--- a/test/test_tree.py
+++ b/test/test_tree.py
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import print_function
+import six
+from six.moves import range
 
 __copyright__ = "Copyright (C) 2012 Andreas Kloeckner"
 
@@ -93,7 +97,7 @@ def run_build_test(builder, queue, dims, dtype, nparticles, do_plot,
     logger.info(75*"-")
     logger.info("%dD %s - %d particles - max %d per box - %s" % (
             dims, dtype.type.__name__, nparticles, max_particles_in_box,
-            " - ".join("%s: %s" % (k, v) for k, v in kwargs.iteritems())))
+            " - ".join("%s: %s" % (k, v) for k, v in six.iteritems(kwargs))))
     logger.info(75*"-")
 
     particles = make_normal_particle_array(queue, nparticles, dims, dtype)
@@ -126,7 +130,7 @@ def run_build_test(builder, queue, dims, dtype, nparticles, do_plot,
     from boxtree import box_flags_enum as bfe
 
     scaled_tol = tol*tree.root_extent
-    for ibox in xrange(tree.nboxes):
+    for ibox in range(tree.nboxes):
 
         # Empty boxes exist in non-pruned trees--which themselves are undocumented.
         # These boxes will fail these tests.
@@ -166,7 +170,7 @@ def run_build_test(builder, queue, dims, dtype, nparticles, do_plot,
             plotter.draw_box(ibox, edgecolor="red")
 
         if not all_good_here:
-            print "BAD BOX", ibox
+            print("BAD BOX", ibox)
 
         all_good_so_far = all_good_so_far and all_good_here
 
@@ -265,7 +269,7 @@ def test_source_target_tree(ctx_getter, dims, do_plot=False):
         plotter.draw_tree(fill=False, edgecolor="black", zorder=10)
         plotter.set_bounding_box()
 
-    for ibox in xrange(tree.nboxes):
+    for ibox in range(tree.nboxes):
         extent_low, extent_high = tree.get_box_extent(ibox)
 
         assert (extent_low >=
@@ -308,7 +312,7 @@ def test_source_target_tree(ctx_getter, dims, do_plot=False):
                 pt.show()
 
         if not all_good_here:
-            print "BAD BOX %s %d" % (what, ibox)
+            print("BAD BOX %s %d" % (what, ibox))
 
         all_good_so_far = all_good_so_far and all_good_here
         assert all_good_so_far
@@ -389,7 +393,7 @@ def test_extent_tree(ctx_getter, dims, do_plot=False):
 
     # {{{ check sources, targets
 
-    for ibox in xrange(tree.nboxes):
+    for ibox in range(tree.nboxes):
         extent_low, extent_high = tree.get_box_extent(ibox)
 
         box_radius = np.max(extent_high-extent_low) * 0.5
@@ -432,7 +436,7 @@ def test_extent_tree(ctx_getter, dims, do_plot=False):
             all_good_here = good.all()
 
             if not all_good_here:
-                print "BAD BOX %s %d level %d" % (what, ibox, tree.box_levels[ibox])
+                print("BAD BOX %s %d level %d" % (what, ibox, tree.box_levels[ibox]))
 
             all_good_so_far = all_good_so_far and all_good_here
             assert all_good_here
@@ -515,7 +519,7 @@ def test_geometry_query(ctx_getter, dims, do_plot=False):
 
     from boxtree import box_flags_enum
 
-    for ibox in xrange(tree.nboxes):
+    for ibox in range(tree.nboxes):
         # We only want leaves here.
         if tree.box_flags[ibox] & box_flags_enum.HAS_CHILDREN:
             continue